WebComparing calthemite to speleothem straw stalactites; solution drop mass and calcium ion saturation Garry K. Smith 3 Spinnaker Ridge Way, Belmont NSW 2280 Australia E-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: concrete, straws, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calthemite, speleothem, stalactite, pH, hyperalkaline, leachate Introduction WebThese calcium carbonate deposits mimic the forms and shapes of speleothems, created in caves. e.g. stalagmites, stalactites, flowstone etc. It is most likely that calthemite flowstone is precipitated from leachate solution as calcite, "in preference to the other, less stable polymorphs, aragonite and vaterite."

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Calthemite is a secondary deposit, derived from concrete, lime, mortar or other calcareous material outside the cave environment. Calthemites grow on or under, man-made structures and mimic the shapes and forms of cave speleothems, such as stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone etc. Calthemite is derived from … See more Degrading concrete has been the focus of many studies and the most obvious sign is calcium-rich leachate seeping from a concrete structure. Calthemite stalactites can form on concrete structures … See more The growth rates of calthemite stalactite straws, stalagmites and flowstone etc., is very much dependent on the supply rate and continuity of the saturated leachate solution to the location of CaCO3 deposition. The concentration of atmospheric CO2 … See more If the drip rate is quicker than one drop per minute, most of the CaCO3 will be carried to the ground, still in solution. The leachate solution then has a chance to absorb CO2 from … See more Calthemite coralloids (also known as popcorn), can form on the underside of concrete structures and look very similar to those which occurs in caves. Coralloids can form by a number of different methods in caves, however on concrete the most common form is … See more The way stalactites form on concrete is due to different chemistry than those that form naturally in limestone caves and is the result of the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) in cement. Concrete is made from aggregate, sand and cement. When water is added to the mix, … See more Calcite rafts were first observed by Allison in 1923 on solution drops attached to concrete derived straw stalactites, and later by Ver Steeg. When the drip rate is ≥5 minutes between drops, calcium carbonate will have precipitated on the solution drop … See more Calthemite rimstone or gours can form beneath concrete structures on a floor with a gradual sloping surface or on the side of rounded stalagmites. When the leachate drip rate is more … See more http://www.bcra.org.uk/pub/candks/index.html?j=127 rice cooker name

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WebHello Crame! Before treating with HCl samples should first be cleaned by sonication in a 90:10 solution of dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol to remove surface contamination before further process of ... WebConsisting primarily of CaCO 3 this secondary deposit derived from concrete is known as "calthemite" and can mimic the shapes and forms of cave "speleothems", such as stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone etc. Other trace elements such as iron from rusting reinforcing steel bars may be transported and deposited by the leachate at the same … WebMay 19, 2024 · Calthemite crusts follow concrete crack patterns along the undersides of bridges, tunnels, and other manmade structures that use concrete, and often result in stalactite-like soda straw attachments (Fig. 1). These secondary carbonate deposits accumulate mostly as calcite but also include minor percentages of other hydrous … rice cooker music